THE CONSIDERATION OF THE TURKISH TURAN HISTORY   

         INTRODUCTION

       The ancient era of the Turkish history before the immigration of the tribes (until the middle of the IV. Century A.D.) is still not fully discovered. It is certain that the Turkish tribes have proved themselves very early in world history as a republic establishment with a perfect organisation and as a constructive and creative element. Events that occurred in the past in the country of the Turks are essential evidence, which show that the Turkish folk is a huge nation in all ways. Since the Turkish tribes have entered the stage of history they have always showed that they have attained the highest grade with both their republic organisation and their disciplined way of life and military organisation.

       According to historical conditions some parts of the Turkish tribes used to live as nomads, besides there were also groups of Turks encountered very early in time who were engaged in agriculture in villages and with trade and arts in cities. From this point of view it would be a mistake to suppose the ancient ages of the Turkish people only as "a nomad group". As a matter of fact big part of the ancient Türkeli was a steppe, people who lived on this ground were naturally forced to live as nomads. We can see that the republics, whether "nomad" or "solid", founded by the Turks have achieved great works due to strong personalities and excellent organisations, and also achieved productive works according to place and time in all fields of life. Great military republics were build up as well as history records show also very important Turkish republics or groups who created trade, economy and cultural centres.

THE CONSIDERATION OF THE TURKISH TURAN HISTORY

 

       During the whole history many Turkish republics were build, some of these ruled over the world as super-powers (world republics). Here we have to point out that those republics, which had all different names, actually were the arms of one republic, the Turkish Republic. The reason why they were remembered with different names was because the names of their founders, the dynasties, the principalities were held one with the government name. Sometimes we can also see that there were more than one Turkish government at the same period of time, who even fought against each other for superiority. This situation can also be seen in the history of other nations.

 

       The difference is, that although these nations from time to time could not able save their existence as a republic, at least one independent Turkish Republic always existed through the history. After this brief explanation on the expression "Turkish Republics" we would also like to point out the following: Maybe the number of Turkish governments which were ruled under a president were the shining stars of the Turkish history, these are not the only shining stars of our history. And the Asian Hun Empire, which is presented as the first of these stars, is doubtless not the first Turkish Republic. But near-time records only give us enough information to start Turkish history with the Hun Turks.

 

       The number of Turkish governments, which took place in history with different names whether in pre-Islamic or the lasting Islamic period until today is more than 110. 15 of these are empires, 38 non-empire governments, 34 principalities, 4 ancestor-principalities, 17 khanates. Moreover we do also count the Turkish republics that were established since 1918 until today, and the last one is North Cyprus Turkish Republic. Government forms like emperorship, principality, ancestor-principality are rarely seen on other nations. Of course other nations do have similar political foundations but these show differences in many ways.

 

       The great republics, the Turks established by taking many republics and different tribes under their sovereignty were called Emperorship (Hakanlık) or shorter Land (İl) or Country (El). Sometimes even republics which did not took the form of emperorship were called with the common name "İl" or "El". In order to run wide geographical territories and different kinds of populations with more success, a Turkish Republic that took the form of emperorship, e.g. the Hun Emperorship, was divided in two as "East Emperorship" and "West Emperorship". Theoretical the biggest monarch was the emperor of the East Turkish Country and the emperor of the West Turkish Country had to follow. Both emperorships contained nations that were not of Turkish origin. This kind of administrative dividing was also seen at the Gök-Türks. The number of foreign republics under the Turkish leadership of the Asian Hun Emperorship in 2. century B.C. was 26, at Attila's time (5. century A.D.) the number of different foreign nations depending on he West Hun's were about 35.

 

       The "PRINCIPALITIES" were under the force of the Sultan but they owned bordered land and the principal elements were constituted by the Turks. Within their own boundaries they were totally independent. Only in war times they helped the sultan and in other times they paid taxes: Karluk Principality, Tolunlular Principality, Saltuklu Principality, Karamanoğulları Principality, Aydınoğulları Principality.... etc. Sometimes the principalities grew up very strong and when the emperorship weakened and collapsed they took their place.

 

       For example Selçuk Bey, Osman Bey formed their principalities that were named after themselves to emperorships, that again carried their own names.Also "ANCESTOR-PRINCIPALITY" can rarely be seen on other nations. The title "Atabey" was given to the wise man who educated, trained and lead the children of the monarchs - the so called "tigin" that means the little princes - who were sent to far distance places so that they could achieve experience. Some of them, especially the ones who were far away from the centres, took the administration of the region they located when the republic began to weaken and announced their independence. For example the Tuğteğinli and the Böri had founded the Syrian Ancestor-Principality, the İl-Denizli had founded the Azerbaidjan Ancestor-Principality.

 

       The "KHANATE" was more a political formation that occurred after the disintegration of the Golden-Army republic. After Timur took Uzbekisthan the Golden-Army scattered and the leading members of the dynasty who lived in the steppes of Kıpçak started to fight for the throne and monarchy. The ones who started or won the fight, called themselves - to represent the former Turkish State khans - "Han" or "Kagan"; and the states they founded they called "Khanate": The Kazan Khanate, Uzbek Khanate, Crimea Khanate, Buhara Khanate, Kaşgar-Turfan Khanate...etc.

 

       It is obvious that Turkish States had also be formed before the Hun Emperorship but due to the lack of documents and sources we are only possible to track their existence as from the Asian Hun Emperorship.