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The Period after
Chi-Chi |
- After
Chi-Chi moved to west, Ho-han-yeh's (died 31 B.C.) groups had recovered and had made an
agreement with the Chinese government (43 B.C.), whereof they moved the capital to the
Orhun region upon the state councils decision, but then again in 36 B.C. they turned back
to the Chinese nationality, which was tolerated by their children for a while until they
started to recover. With Yu (Hotodzsisi), who was discovered to be a powerful statesman,
they gained in the period of Tan-hu (in 1846) their independence against China and
succeeded in overtaking again the leadership in the wide region from Manchuria in the east
to Kashgar in the west. But after Yu's death with the beginning of the inner fights and
long lasting scarcity, which lead to severe animal slaughter and starvation in the
country, the Hun's were in an arduous situation. After having started a fight against
P'unu, the son of Yu and going back to the Hun tribes in the north, the nephew of P'unu
entitled himself as tantu (in 48) which caused the Hun's to separate in two, but this time
without the chance for any reunion: The North Hun's (North or outer Mongolia) and the
South Hun's (South or inner Mongolia).
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So the great
difference between these two Hun states, whose same political qualifications became
certainty in 48, was that the one in South continued his existence under the Chinese
nationality and the North state always saved his independence. Apart from this all city
states whose economic importance was know in South Siberia, over the Chungaria up to the
West and Inner Asia, were under the administration of the North Hun state. Therefore it
formed the main target of the political and military attacks of the Chinese.
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- China
who was right now trading on the inner fights caused by the separating of the Hun Empire,
provoked the in east under the leadership of the Hun's existing Mongolian Tuguz mixed
Wuhuan's and Sienpi's (Hsienbi). Upon their permanent pressure the Hun state lost his
control over Mongolia in the east and met the provocative Chinese politics in the west.
Therefore, they had to fight against the revolts in the regions of Yarkent kingdom, which
was the most effective of all, Shanshan (Loulan, Lobnor's south), Turfan etc. (years
46-60). After the Hun state was welcomed here like a liberator by the folk that was
scattered especially by the exploiting attitude of China and the merciless behaviour of
the king of Yarkent, they took over control and forced China to start over again with
border trading (61-65).
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- This urged China
to start preparations for a consequent and straight on military operation in order to
breakthrough the Hun Empire. Under the administration of Pan Ch'ao, the famous commander
of the Emperors Mingti (58-75), Ch'engti (75-89) and Hoti (89-105) the crowded Chinese
armies had captured after 30 years of operations nearly 50, wealthy and because of their
location on the caravan road in ways of economic very important cities down to Kangk'u
(included Kachgar, Hami, Yarkent, Hoten). Especially in the years 73-74, 89-90 the Hun's
had serious lost and with loosing the control in inner Asia, they had to fight against the
attacks of the Sienpi in the east (the most impetuous was between 89-91).
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- The Hun's who had
to fight on two borders permanently, lost their power in spite of the successful defence
of their last tanhu and they fell disadvantaged. After the North Hun's had finally been
left out of the fight (probably in the time of Tanhu Avitokhol) by Tan-shih-huai (ca.
147-156), the monarch of the Sienpi who had succeeded in extending their sovereignty to
South Siberia and Chungaria, the grounds of the Hun's were captured by hostile tribes. As
the political powers started to weaken, huge groups of Hun's moved to the west (the great
immigrations were in 91 and about 155), except for the Yuepan-Yuban's who rather stayed at
the region around Kucha and it is known that they afterwards joined their fellowman (the
Chi-Chi Hun's) in today's steppes of South Kazakhstan.
to be continued
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