The Period after Chi-Chi     

 

       Also the South Hun's, who lived at the borderlines of China since 48 and acted as a puffer government against the attacks of north, were not in peace. The Hun tribes frequently revolted against the Kukla tanhu's. With difficulty the insurrections in 94, 124 and 140 could be suppressed, which were followed by revolts in 153 and 158. In those days the Sienpi's who captured North Mongolia had raised their pressures towards south and became a risk for the Hun Empire (from 177 on). Upon his plans to surrender in 188 to China, the tanhu who had been assigned by the Chinese government, had been killed by the Hun's, which left the state without a leader. The tribes also disregarded the two other assigned tanhu's and stepped back to a disordered tribe life again. After the last tanhu had been imprisoned in the capitol of China and the country was divided in 5 provinces under the administration of Chinese military governors, the South Hun empire collapse (in 216). Herewith, the Hun's who, with turning towards south especially came to China in the 2nd half of 3rd century because of the increasing pressure of the Sienpi, where they raised their numbers and could save their existence living under the administration of China.

 

       As the power of the Han dynasty weakened (from 180 on) in China, the attitudes of the generals who fought against each other caused great changes and the break up of the political union (the period of "16 states"). This period had last until the Sui dynasty had broke up the unit in 589. Within this period Turkish groups, mainly the Tabgac (Wei) dynasty, have had formed independent states and with the finalizing of the Hun power they showed up on stage again in 220 A.D. under the leadership of the South Hun tribe leaders. With the time passing by they increased their numbers of population and succeeded in taking over almost the whole of North China under Turkish sovereignty. The force who provided this had been the 19 Hun tribes who had had helped to one of the above mentioned rebellic generals, Ts'ao Ts'ao who had settled them in the region of Shansi. This Turkish tribe, that was very crowded and used to start revolt against Chinese administration upon each opportunity (in the years 271, 294, 296), saved his national personality and kept on respecting the former members of the tanhu family. One of the 19 tribes had been the T-opa (Tabgac) and one had been the Tuku or T'uko where the family of the great Tanhu Mete Han had decented.

 

       Li Yuan (Liu, had been the name given by the Chinese in this period) the commander of Hun Tuku (T'uko), member of the former tanhu generation and Hun warrior had succeed - after he had given a hard fight for liberty - in establishing a Turkish government (304-329 1.Chao.) in the Chinese region (centre: P'ing ch'eng) with an attention calling sense for political understanding, putting forward the friendship and "brother"hood of his 500 years ago ancestors with the former khanate dynasty and even naming his own dynasty "Khane". He captured the Chinese capitol Loyang (311).

 

       Although the administration had changed among the leader families, the comprehension of political power that his brother Liu Ts'ung had established, who also captured the other capitol of China after himself, remained unchanged. This same comprehension reached the great Gök-Turk emperorship that was represented by the Turkish Ashina clan, who succeeded to flee and surrender from the capital Gutsang of the Hun state "North Liang" that was founded by Tsuku (Chuch'u) Mengsun and got captured and ruined under the pressure of the Tabgach monarch T'aivvu in 439. With this their political life under the name "Hun" was now history in the region of China. In the 1st century B.C. after the scattering of the Chi-Chi power, being dispersed the Turkish tribes had gone to the east of Sogdiana, to the north of the Caucasis, even near the surroundings of river Dnyeper and especially at the east steppes of Lake Aral where they continued their existence. The rest of the Turkish groups increased with the remnants of the Hun's who came from east at the end of the 1st century to the 2nd half of the 2nd century and increased their power by living a peaceful life.

 

       It is obvious that they have moved towards west and then founded the European Hun Empire probably due to the change of climate or - according to the new idea that developed in the last years - because of the Uar-hun pressure in 350 that came from the east. In spite of some pretensions that these tribes, after they receded from the Chinese region to west towards Siberia, had not been from the same tribe as the Hiung-nu because of lack of written records for 2 decades, different records have proved, that in Attila's time the ones who ruled over whole Europe had been the Turks from the generation of those Asian Huns.