Land
: The lands under the possession of the state should be evaluated in four
sections in the Seljuk State.
1) Fief
Lands: It is the land the taxes of which are collected to the ruler in the Seljuk State.
The Seljuk sultans could possess all the fief lands and the other lands that were not
under private property. For example, they could enfeoff these lands upon their
arbitration. However, he would preserve the fief lands especially for him and he would
donate them to his relatives.
2)
Fief-Holding System: This system was the abandonment and allocation of some state incomes
pertaining to specific places to the commanders, soldiers and the celebrities in return
for their services and salaries. The feoffs pertaining to the emirs and statesmen were
valid as long as their term of office. When any of them was dismissed from his office, his
feoff would be confiscated. When the ruler changed, all the patents of the feoffs would
also change. The feoff-holders could not receive more income than the definite amount of
income specified for him.
3) Property
(Private) Lands: The landowner of this type would have a full property right on his
properties and lands. This land could not be confiscated, and it would be inherited to his
children in accordance with his demands. The landowner could sell, donate or dedicate his
lands to any foundation.
4)
Foundation lands: It was the lands allocated among the incomes from the lands belonging to
the state of private property so as to cover the expenditures of scientific or social
schools. The incomes of these foundation lands were used for the maintenance of the
mosques, theological schools, hospitals and the other buildings that were constructed with
the purposes of public benefit and the compensation of the staff working in these
institutions.
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