Kutbuddin Aybeg who had been appointed as a governor to the
northern India by the Gur ruler, Muizzüddin Muhammed in the year of 1192 established this
political organisation (1206). While he was a governor, Aybeg had captured Aligarh,
Benares and the famous Bihar castle. Then, he captured the regions of Lahor and Punjab
from Tacuddin Yıldız. When he fell down from his horse and died in the year of 1210, his
son-in-law, Il-tutmus was in Bedaun, and his other son-in-law, Kabaca was in Uc, and
Kaymaz who was appointed by him was in Bengal. Aybeg did not have any sons. Semsuddin
Il-tutmus established dominion in the entire northern India, and established the dynasty
of "Şemsiyye" (1211-1266). The capital city was Delhi and his State included
most of the regions of Punjab, Multan, Lahor and the regions extending towards Gazne in
the north. He accepted and settled crowded Turkish groups to his country that protected
their countries against Celaleddin Harzemshah and ran away from the Mongolians. Therefore,
Il-tutmus had provided the continuation of the Turkish cultural life in the northern
India. Then, Il-tutmus annexed the regions of Bengal until the year of 1235 and then
Uccayn excluding Gwalior and the Caliph recognised him as the "Sultan of India"
(1229). Pursuant to his death (1236), his daughter, Raziyye became the Sultan of the State
instead of his incapable son (1236-1239).
However, forty commanders trained by her father that was called
as "Çihigan" caused disorder and civil turmoil. Although these people rebelled
to any authorities, they were the patriots nationalist enough to prevent the penetration
of the Mongolians into their homeland. As a result, Nâsırüddin Mahmûd from the Şemsiyye
dynasty appointed Balaban who was called as Uluğ Han (Great Khan) in order to establish
discipline and order. Balaban who provided useful services in the capacity of regent
became Delhi Sultan upon the death of Mahmud in the year of 1266. He stopped the Mongolian
attacks. He repulsed the Mongolian pressure from Lahor; and he tried to develop the
country with the public works. He was replaced by his grandson (1287-1290). However,
within a short period, the political power was transferred to the dominion of Celaluddin
Firuz, one of the commanders of Kalaç Turks that constituted the military force of the
state.
Firuz repulsed the Mongolian attacks (1291). His nephew, Muhammed Kalaç
organised a military expedition towards Dakkan. This army was able to penetrated into the
centre of Deogir State (today's Devlet-abad) (1295). Muhammed Kalaç (1296-1316) who
replaced Firuzi captured the entire region of Malva, Racputana and Gucerat. He was called
as "Sultan-ı azam" (Ultimate Sultan). Within the turmoil and struggles
resulting from his death, Giyaseddin Tugluk came to power.
Tugluk established the public order, arranged the organisation and
opened aqueducts. Tugluk established dominion in the entire Bengal. Then, he annexed
Telingana to Bengal. The modified the name of the capital city as Sultanpur. His son,
Muhammed tugluk (1325-1351) moved the capital city of the state to Deogir located in far
south for a specific period. He was a very self-confident man. He planned to capture
China. Civil turmoil broke out. Bengal was disconnected from the state (1339). The period
of Firuz Tugluk (1351-1388) passed in the course of the recovery actions. The Turkish
raids towards India were stopped due to the dominion of Tamburlaine in the north. It was
necessary to depend on new forces for these raids. Therefore, Firuz followed a
conservative and radical policy of religion. Within the decade after Firuzi (until the
year of 1397), it has been observed that seven persons ascended the throne of Delhi. The
provinces declared their independence. As a result, the power in Delhi was transferred to
the dominion of Afghani Seyyid dynasty (1414).
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