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Turkmen Tribes that
constituted the Political Organisation of Karakoyunlu State |
Some of the Turkmen groups that gathered around the
Karakoyunlu tribe had provided a political identity to the Karakoyunlu State that was a
Confederation of tribes. According to their levels of significance and influence, these
Turkmen groups were as follows:
1. Karakoyunlu Tribe:
It is the tribe from which Karakoyunlu dynasty had emerged.
2. Sa'dlu Tribe :
It was one of the most significant tribes of Karakoyunlu State. This tribe was relative
with the Karakoyunlu dynasty. They lived in the Southern Caucasus, Surmeli Çukuru, and
the regions of Erevan and Nachicevan.
3. Duharlı Tribe:
This tribe that resided in the region of Erzurum and Bayburt was known as Tokarlu in the
Ottoman resources.
4. Karamanlu Tribe :
This tribe had taken its name with reference to Emir Karaman, one of the emirs of
Kara-Yusuf who had been the ruler of Karakoyunlu State. They had settled in the region of
Gence and Berdaa. Pursuant to the collapse of the Karakoyunlu State, they opposed to the
Akkoyunlu State and they played a significant role in the foundation of the Safevi
dynasty. They were connectd to Çakırlu clan of Ustacalu tribe that was one of the seven
Shiite organisations in the period of Safevi Ruler Shah Abbas. The geographical names in
the form of Karaman and Karamanlu located in the regions of the Northern Azerbaijan today
are the memoirs of this tribe.
5. Çakırlu (Çekirlü):
This tribe that settled in the region of Erdebil was of Kipchak Turks as stated by Velidi
Togan although Faruk Sümer had alleged that this tribe was of Kurdish origin. Kipchak
people had penetrated into the Caucasus in the capacity of the allies of Georgians and
settled within the environs of Tabriz. Afterwards, the Kipchak Turks had converted to the
religion of Islam and they established a tutor principality under the domination of
Sems'ud-din Il-deniz in Azerbaijan. The tribes of Kengerlü, Karabörk, Karapapah,
Becenek, Koman, Komanlu, Çoruk, Çakır and Çakırlu are the residual tribes of these
Kipchak Turks.
6. Baharlu Tribe:
It was a significant tribe of the Karakoyunlu State with the secondary degree of
importance. They were directly relative and related with the Karakoyunlu tribe. The
Baharlu tribe that settled in the region of Hamedan had withdrawn to the east pursuant to
the domination of Akkoyunlu State. Bayran Han, one of the descendants of Ali Şeker Bey
who was a Baharlu chief was one of the close fellows within the retinue of Ekber Shah
(1556-1605). Furthermore, Sultan Kulu (or Kuli) who was the founder of the Kutbshahiler
State in Dekken (Dahkan) was from Karakoyunlu tribe. One of the groups from Baharlu tribe
still lives in the province of Hamse that is located in the west of today's Kazvin.
7. Alpagut Tribe:
It is one of the Karakoyunlu tribes and the region of Hamedan was under the domination of
Alpagut Turkmen people in the period of Kara-Yusuf. They settled in the region of Berdaa
in Azerbaijan, Sa'd Hole and Shirvan in the period of Safevi State.
8. Âyinlü Tribe :
The existence of this tribe has been determined in Anatolia, but their homeland in which
they had settled have not been definitely determined yet. According to Faruk Sümer, they
are of Kurdish roots.
9. Agaçeri Tribe:
The second Turkish migrations over the Caucasus to Anatolia had been carried out by
Agaceri people that were connected to the European Huns. The Sassani resources call them
as Ak-katlan while the Byzantine resources call them as Akatzir. Some of the Agaceri
people that settled in Azerbaijan immigrated to the regions of Aleppo and Damascus between
the years of 1180-1412. A group of Agaceri people connected to the Karakoyunlu State still
lives in the region of Maras since the century XIII. Tatar Hatun, the sister of Kara
Mehmed who was the founder of the Karakoyunlu State was married with the chief of this
Maras Agaceri Turks. Agaceri people who maintain their existence in Kuh-giluye in Iran
today must probably have been the descendants of these Agaceri people that were connected
to the Karakoyunlu State.
10. Hacılu Tribe:
It is one of the Doger Turkmen communities. They had settled in the region of Kerkük-Erbil.
11. Doger Tribe :
Although they played a role in the political activities of the Karakoyunlu State, they
remained as a separate organisation in Syria.
12. Avsar Tribe:
Avsar Turks are frequented and observed among the Karakoyunlu Turkmen groups.
13. Bayramlu Tribe:
It is the Turkmen community under the command and chief office of BAYRAM Bey who was the
bey of Hoy.
14. Others:
The others are the Bucolic/Turkish/(Kurdish Turks) communities such as Süleymanî, Zırkî,
Mahmudî, etc.
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