HISTORY OF ISLAM MOVEMENTS IN SYRIA  

          Opposition of Islam in Syria, wasn’t bordered with Esat period, it is origin also go as back to Islam association and social solidarity association. First certain organizing started with CEMİYET-İ İHVAN-I MUSLİMİN, which was established thanks to the leadership of some intellectual and merchant at the end of the 1930.

       Seyh Abdulgani El-Hamid, first leader of group, when he was a student in Egypt he had met Hasan El-Benna, and started to get active in Egypt. After he had come his country he initiate to organize group like one in Egypt.

      The first terms of movement about member’s number was about to 500-600.

 

      Syria’s ihvan who was carrying on to organize, in period of second leader, Nuris Abdurrezzak who gathered all association in Syria, making a cooperation amongst another charity associations in DERA and DEYRİ ZOR in a short time.

      Congregation made a new organize as soon as Mustafa Sibai was chosen as a minister.

 

      Made limit of minister’s authority, founder comitee, where representative was given a duty according to the societies numerical greatness of cities in a country, shared management authority working as if it had been parliament of society.

      Although meetings, making staff’s assignment, deciding working rules of society, was made alternately in Aleppo and Damascus, how it was made actually in Damascus. Sibai, bornin Humus 1915,was patriot scientist who was sent to prison because of his antagonist actions wasn’t only against French Government. Sibai accused of administrators for being defeated against Israil military attction,scared points amongst society while making notification work.

      After elections of 1947 in parliament, he had achieved to made 3 people Join in parliament. Political period, prevented by military actions, came consecutively; didn’t achieve to prevent Ihvan’s improvemend and he achieved to made 33 people join in parliament which had 142 member.In election made in 1951.If spite of this societies political actions didn’t continue.And political work was impossible because of military actions.

      He made a short hadj and Jouned to the Friday ritual worship regularly so as to have been seen by society. But, all changes of image, didn’t prevent the Ihvan’s violent actions, increasing, against management of cities Hama, Humus, Damascus, Aleppo. Syria’s communist, alawi, army experts of soviet, attendant of government was the target of assasinations. As a result of unsuccessful assasination against Esat,49 numbered law was made which was stipulated that Ihvan’s membership deserved death warrant. All Ihsan’s fashions, helped to demolish of Regime, was the state of conflict for this direction. Meuduvi and Nedvi’s respective savant, who attempted to mediator ,hadn’t been helpful. Operations organized where lots of people lost their lifes in big cities between the time of 1979-1981 when hamas assasination violence ascending.

      Increase in armed clash between Regime and Islamic opposition ,reached the top in February of 1982 when 25 thousand of people died (1000 of them soldier) and city was destructed in massacre. City bombed upon earth and air during 19 days and city was completely rozed.

      Days after this event, a lot of people lost their lives in bloody operations countless people, doupted themselves by ignoring proofs, Jailed upon not taking information from them. Sterness policy, caused reaction in human rights union, continued during the years of 1980.

      During the years of 1990,changes when Esat started to get on well with west and confident, provided by belief; there was no dissident for use, Unbending started against people who is under political arrest. Law, which was firstly published in 20th December of 1995 stipulated amnesty for the Ihvan’s and communist party mambers who had been penalized before the November of  1995, passed the approval of Esat in the parliament. During peace debate ,keeping on positive, Esat desired to appear with image democratic and partisan of freedom. In front of the international world.

      In addition, Sibai’s action ,was put down rigidly by Edip Çiçekli ,controlling power under his care between 1950-54 ,couldn’t have resisted because of feelings Arab nationalism and understanding of “NASIRCI”, demanded so much in society ,started to go up.

      This action didn’t get active at the time of United Arab public also health conditions, wasn’t suitable for management was delivered completely by Sibai according to Adnan Saadettin,was one of the Ihvan’s leaders because of the reason being accepted by him that Ihvan Arab was union was the first seed of Islam union,he supported united Arab public and postponed his actions in order to show his support.

      Tensions between 1958-61 society who didn’t show serious opposittion, conversely, it couldn’t have mentioned that he felt sympathy because of his behavior applied or Egypt Ihvan’s. Ihvan, supported for disintegration of Arab union because of his opposition to Nasır, gathered around Abdülkerim En-Nehlevi After the period of integration. He was supported by ten people at elections of Syria’s parliament. Nonetheless, the period of gathering last short. Power of Boas party in 1963, carried out new comprehensive policy, aimed at lessen Islam’s role in daily life and distinguish functions of Government and Islam.

      Baas, declaring of war against sunni opposition, started with Ihvan and which was defending to struggle with reformist and leftist, exiled Islam el-Attar to Germany, who was the second leader. Ihvan ,who lived disintegration because of creating ideal conflict and location of his leadership after the middle of 1960.showed alternative leaders then divided into tree part. Mercan Hadid was a representative for Hamal Ekol who was in this group and acted in  armed battle in this time. From 1960 he executed with El-Fethih, who is from Palestine . Hadid who increased assasinations toward statesman in period of Esat, arrested in 1976 and Killed by torture in prison.

      Against step Esat, Because of rebellion pioneered by Ihvan, increased and gained a societal dimension, he stiqulated that chef of the constitution had to be Muslim. And wanted to have been the first, as he was always be the first in his country about become a liberal according to the suitable way of the world. In this limitation, Syria’s Ihvan-ı Muslimin organization leader Abdülfettah Ebu Gudde who came Damascus for debate with Esat after years ,showed that system and opposition began to work in properly.